中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
中央农村工作会议系列解读⑯改善农村人居环境 加快农业农村现代化建设****** 作者:常明,中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所 2022年中央农村工作会议强调,要瞄准“农村基本具备现代生活条件”的目标,提高乡村基础设施完备度、公共服务便利度、人居环境舒适度,让农民就地过上现代文明生活。农村要具备基本现代生活条件,首先要搞好人居环境。农村人居环境质量不仅关系到农民的获得感、幸福感和安全感,更是农村是否具备基本现代生活条件的直接体现。改善农村人居环境,是党中央从战略和全局高度作出的重大决策部署,是对农村居民美好环境需求的积极回应,是全面实现乡村振兴战略的有效举措。 党的十八大以来,中央政府出台了一系列农村人居环境治理支持政策,并取得了显著治理成效。截至2021年底,全国农村卫生厕所普及率超过70%,农村生活垃圾进行收运处理的自然村比例稳定保持在90%以上,47.6%的村生活污水集中处理或部分集中处理,95%以上的村庄开展了清洁行动。虽然农村人居环境整治工作取得了阶段性成效,但仍然存在进展不平衡、技术支撑不足、社会监督不完善、长效管护不健全、农民参与不充分、社会力量参与不足等问题。面向新时代新征程,完善农村现代生活条件,要稳妥有序推进农村人居环境整治提升,要从六个方面着手强化机制建设。 第一,建立健全分类推进机制。农村人居环境整治提升要充分考虑区域生态、经济、社会等因素的差异性,要与地方经济社会水平和发展能力相适应,也要同当地的文化和风土人情相协调。一是农村厕所改建要遵循实事求是、群众乐于接受的原则,根据区域的实际情况选择适合的改建模式,重点推动中西部地区农村户厕改造。二是要以可持续治理、资源化利用为农村生活污水治理导向,分区分类形成一批可复制可推广的治理模式。三是推动有条件的地方开展农村生活垃圾源头分类减量与资源化利用,探索就地就近就农处理利用路径,健全农村生活垃圾收运处置体系。 第二,建立健全技术支撑机制。既要鼓励科研机构企业加大新技术新产品研发力度,加快推出因地制宜的卫生厕所、生活污水处理、垃圾处理技术及产品,也要加大示范推广力度,积极开展试点试验,指导地方科学选择技术模式,还要建立设施设备建设验收、运行维护、监测、评估、管理服务等农村人居环境相关领域技术标准体系,强化全程质量管控。 第三,建立健全农民参与机制。农民是乡村的主人,在农村人居环境整治提升中,农民群众不仅是受益者,更是重要的参与者、建设者和监督者。要全方位、多形式加强舆论宣传教育,提升农户对人居环境整治的正确认识,并通过“美丽庭院评选”“积分兑换”等活动,提高村民在人居环境整治中的主人翁意识。更要鼓励村民参与整治决策,让有能力、有资格的村民成为人居环境整治工作的执行者和监督者。 第四,建立健全社会动员机制。动员社会力量,建立“共谋、共建、共治、共评、共享”的组织机制。突出基层党组织的领导效能的同时,调动整合社会资源,从而形成农村人居环境整治合力。既引导村集体经济组织、农民合作社等发挥积极作用,又以乡情乡愁为纽带,吸引和凝聚各方人士支持家乡建设。 第五,建立健全长效管护机制。着力构建系统化、规范化、长效化的建管用并重制度和机制。首先,根据人口、产业、功能等科学规划布局,完善村庄配套设施设备,建立健全市县责任主体、镇村管理主体、农民受益主体的“三位一体”管护责任体系。第二,要在村集体经济条件较好的地方,探索建立村级运营管护组织。第三,要推动农村厕所、生活污水垃圾处理设施设备和村庄保洁等一体化运行管护。逐步建立完善有制度、有标准、有队伍、有经费、有监督的农村人居环境长效管护机制。 第六,建立健全社会监督机制。通过强化监督与指导,实现社会监督常态化,提升农村人居环境治理效能。在完善监督机构、健全规范程序的基础上,通过“随手拍”“红黑榜”等活动建立监督奖惩机制,实现“人人监督人居环境”的良好氛围,激发村民有效参与的内生动力。同时还要基于人居环境整治过程中不同角色的定位与分工构建问责机制,推动问题及时整改。 农村现代化是建设农业强国的内在要求和必要条件,建设宜居宜业和美乡村是农业强国的应有之义。党的二十大报告也将“农村基本具备现代生活条件”列入了二〇三五年的总体目标。站在新的历史起点,要扎实开展农村人居环境整治提升五年行动,通过强化人居环境整治提升机制建设,逐步改善农村现代生活条件,为全面推进乡村振兴、加快农业农村现代化提供有力支撑。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |